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이달의 논문 2026년 2월
등록일 : 2026.04.13
. 2026 Feb;24(1):18-25.
 doi: 10.1177/15578585251387097. Epub 2025 Nov 10.

Pre-Injury Exercise Attenuates Lymphedema Induced by Surgery and Radiation in a Mouse Hindlimb Model

Affiliations 

Abstract

Background: Lymphedema is a common but distressing sequela after cancer treatment. A cure is not yet available; thus, prevention is essential in its management.

Methods and results: Here, we used a mouse hindlimb model to demonstrate the effects of exercise performed before lymph node resection and irradiation on the development of lymphedema. BALB/c mice trained on a treadmill at moderate intensity, 30 minutes/day, 5 times/week for 4 weeks, were compared to a no-exercise group (n = 7/group). Weekly limb measurements and indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography were performed to assess lymphedema severity. Pre-injury exercise mice consistently showed a lower percentage excess in ankle diameter, reflecting a lesser degree of swelling. Moreover, most of them exhibited the mild "splash" pattern on ICG lymphangiography, while some reverted to the normal linear pattern on the 3rd week. Meanwhile, most of the no-exercise mice displayed the moderate "stardust" and severe "diffuse" patterns throughout the observation period. Histopathological analysis revealed a lesser increase in skin thickness and a greater density of lymphatic vessels of the exercise mice.

Conclusion: Taken together, results showed that pre-injury exercise attenuated the development of lymphedema in our mouse hindlimb model. This provides preliminary evidence on the potential preventive role of exercise in secondary lymphedema.

Keywords: lymph node dissection; prehabilitation; preoperative exercise; radiation therapy; secondary lymphedema.

 

. 2026 Feb 16;20(1):259.
 doi: 10.1007/s11701-026-03221-y.

Robotic breast surgery with and without tunneling using the tumescent technique

Affiliations 

Abstract

The tumescent technique has traditionally been used in nipple-sparing mastectomy to help dissection and reduce bleeding. However, its necessity in robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM) remains unclear due to enhanced visualization offered by robotic systems. This study analyzed the feasibility of omitting tumescent in RNSM by comparing postoperative outcomes and operative times. We retrospectively reviewed 253 patients who underwent unilateral RNSM at Asan Medical Center from October 2020 to November 2023. Outcomes included adverse events classified by Clavien-Dindo system and operative times. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging was used to assess ischemia patterns. The tumescent group (n = 43) exhibited a higher incidence of adverse events (16.3% vs. 5.2%, P = 0.025) and hematomas (11.6% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.016) compared to the non-tumescent group (n = 210). The mean operative times for mastectomy was shorter in the tumescent group (129.4 min vs. 165.9 min, p < 0.001); however, the overall surgical time was not significantly different P = 0.827). ICG fluorescence imaging showed higher rates of diffuse pattern ischemia (P = 0.059) and NAC ischemia patterns (P = 0.015) within the tumescent group; however, these patterns were not associated with grade II or higher adverse events. Omitting tumescent in RNSM is feasible and may reduce postoperative complications, particularly hematoma, while maintaining comparable operative time and minimizing unnecessary flap trimming due to false-positive ischemia on ICG fluorescence imaging.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Hematoma; ICG fluorescence imaging; Postoperative complications; Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy; Tumescent.

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